cert-machine · eval · ground truth is a proof

The matmul eval: model proposes, the machine certifies

A language model is asked for a rank-R decomposition of the <n,m,p> matrix-multiplication tensor over the rationals. The proposal either IS an exact tensor identity — checked term by term in stdlib Fractions — or it is not. No human grader, no digit matching, no rubric: a certified row is a theorem, a refuted row is a proof of error, and a false positive is PROVABLY false. This is the grading property digit-matched and human-graded math benchmarks cannot offer, on the one task where model-proposes-verifier-decides already produced a famous discovery.

tl;dr
  • The finding. Across every real-model campaign, zero certified rows are wrong and zero float-screen survivors were subtly false — frontier failures are malformed or rejected, never almost-right. Grading is a proof, so the leaderboard is a theorem count, and the same harness is a reward oracle that cannot be hacked.
  • The mechanism. A proposed rank-R decomposition either satisfies the full tensor identity in exact rational arithmetic or it does not; red controls — including a coefficient off by 1e-9, invisible to any float screen — must be refuted exactly before a campaign grades anything, and a certifying control aborts it.
  • Check it. python3 tools/llm-harness.py --dry-run --family matmul --n 8 — the calibration this page re-ran as its own gate before rendering.
grading
CERTIFICATE
exact tensor identity over Fractions — always decidable, never an opinion
false positives
PROVABLY 0
a wrong decomposition cannot certify; the red controls prove the refusal path fires every run
red controls
4 refuted / run
incl. a coefficient off by 1e-9 — INVISIBLE to the float screen, caught exactly; any certification of a control aborts the campaign
the ladder
4 rungs
<2,2,2> rank 8 (easy) · rank 7 (Strassen) · <2,2,3> rank 11 · <3,3,3> rank 23 (Laderman)
models run
5
append-only ledger; every row carries its certificate
cost to grade
~0
stdlib Python, milliseconds per proposal; the eval runs anywhere, forever, for nothing
§1 · why this shape

An eval where the answer key cannot be wrong

Mathematical ground truth usually inherits the failure class of whatever computed it — the failure taxonomy on this site exists because digit-matched reference values shipped a float artifact as a constant. Here the reference is not a value at all: the task is to EXHIBIT a witness (a decomposition), and the grader re-derives the claim from the witness alone, exactly. Grading a proposal means checking Σᵣ u[r][a·m+b] · v[r][c·p+d] · w[r][e·p+f] against the matmul tensor at every index — a finite, exact computation with no tolerance anywhere. The eval cannot be gamed by memorizing digits, and it cannot false-accept: both directions of every verdict are theorems.

Five outcomes per proposal, and all five are informative: MALFORMED (the reply did not parse), REJECTED (the prune-only float screen caught a shape or gross-value error), REFUTED (well-formed, plausible to the screen, exactly false — the bucket digit-matching cannot see), CERTIFIED (exactly true), UNDECIDED (never occurs here; the identity is always decidable). The headline number is the SURVIVOR TRUTH RATE: of proposals that looked right to a float screen, how many were actually true.

§2 · the leaderboard

Certified truth rates

modelpromptproposalscertifiedrefutedrejectedmalformedcertified ratesurvivor truth
claude-opus-5v2241701671%100%
claude-sonnet-5v24028021070%100%
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v240003820%
claude-sonnet-5v1342500974%100%
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v140003820%
fake calibration baselinev1248010633%100%

Every row aggregates the append-only ledger; every underlying proposal carries its exact certificate. To put a model on this board, run ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=… python3 tools/llm-harness.py --family matmul --model <id> --n 40 --ledger certs/matmul-eval-ledger.jsonl from the repository, then rebuild this page. The red controls run first and ABORT the campaign if any forgery certifies — the eval refuses to produce numbers under a broken grader.

§2b · the ladder, per rung

Where the cliffs are

modelpromptrungproposalscertifiedrefutedrejectedmalformedcertified rate
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v2<2,2,2> r71000910%
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v2<2,2,2> r810001000%
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v2<2,2,3> r1110001000%
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v2<3,3,3> r231000910%
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v1<2,2,2> r71000910%
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v1<2,2,2> r81000910%
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v1<2,2,3> r1110001000%
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001v1<3,3,3> r2310001000%
claude-opus-5v2<2,2,2> r76501083%
claude-opus-5v2<2,2,2> r866000100%
claude-opus-5v2<2,2,3> r1166000100%
claude-opus-5v2<3,3,3> r23600060%
claude-sonnet-5v2<2,2,2> r710901090%
claude-sonnet-5v2<2,2,2> r810901090%
claude-sonnet-5v2<2,2,3> r111010000100%
claude-sonnet-5v2<3,3,3> r2310000100%
claude-sonnet-5v1<2,2,2> r799000100%
claude-sonnet-5v1<2,2,2> r899000100%
claude-sonnet-5v1<2,2,3> r118700188%
claude-sonnet-5v1<3,3,3> r23800080%

The aggregate board hides the shape of failure; this table is where it lives. The rungs are ordered easy to hard within each campaign: <2,2,2> r7 is Strassen 1969, r8 is the naive format rung, <2,2,3> r11 and <3,3,3> r23 (Laderman) test whether recall survives precision. Every count is read off the append-only ledger at build time.

§3 · the task, precisely

What the model is asked, and what the grader checks

The prompt states the convention completely: A is n×m and B is m×p, both vectorized row-major; a decomposition is three lists u, v, w of at most R rows, entries integer or exact fractions; the claim is C[i][k] = Σᵣ w[r][i·p+k] · ⟨u[r], vec A⟩ · ⟨v[r], vec B⟩ for ALL A, B. The grader checks the equivalent finite identity — every (a,b,c,d,e,f) index of the tensor — in exact rational arithmetic, plus the rank bound. The float screen (shape checks and one random spot-multiplication at tolerance 1e-6) may only PRUNE; nothing it passes is believed. Rung one (rank 8 = naive) tests format-following; rank 7 is Strassen 1969; the upper rungs test whether recall survives precision. Achievable ranks only — every rung has a witness on record.

§4 · submit a model

Put anything on this board

The eval is open-scaffold: the task is defined by the GRADER, not by a prompt. Use any model, any provider, any agentic scaffold, any thinking budget — the certificate does not care how the witness was found, and the tag field records what you used.

Anthropic models run directly: ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=… python3 tools/llm-harness.py --family matmul --model <id> --n 40 --tag <yours> --ledger certs/matmul-eval-ledger.jsonl.

Anything else goes through the submission path: generate proposals however you like, write one JSON line per attempt — {"target": "(2, 2, 2, 7)", "proposal": "<the model's raw reply>"} — and grade the file with python3 tools/llm-harness.py --family matmul --proposals yours.jsonl --model-label <name> --tag <yours> --ledger …. Same float screen, same exact certifier, same red controls, run before any grading; a target outside the published ladder is refused, so a submission cannot smuggle in an easier task.

To land on the public board, open a pull request carrying the PROPOSALS file, not graded rows — grading is deterministic, so rerunning it here reproduces your outcomes bit for bit, and the board never has to trust a submitted verdict. The one thing a submission is trusted about is its own attribution: the model name and the scaffold the tag describes.