cert-machine · environments

We graded the graders

A grader that checks a number against a stored decimal within a tolerance accepts values that are provably wrong — and we can mint those values by the thousand from certificates we already hold. Here is the measurement, three environments built on it, and the one canary in the set that is not synthetic: a number a real problem thread actually published.

Everything below is measured offline on this machine. No model was called to produce this page and no byte left the building: the harness refuses the network unless it is explicitly switched on. The grader names are the four reference shapes, not other people's products — this page measures a METHOD, and the suite that measures a real grader runs on its owner's machine and reports to them.

tl;dr
  • The finding. Against 4,000 submissions that are provably wrong — each one outside a certified enclosure — an absolute-tolerance grader accepts 89.5% of them. A grader that compares against the certificate instead of a decimal accepts 0.0%, and rejects none of the 418 submissions that are provably right. The tolerance is the vulnerability.
  • The mechanism. A certified enclosure is a generator. If a quantity is pinned to width w and a grader accepts anything within tol of its stored decimal, then every value in the band of width tol − w outside the enclosure is at once provably not the quantity and guaranteed to pass. Adversarial submissions stop being invented one at a time and start being minted from facts already on disk — which is why the enclosures have to exist first.
  • Check it. node instruments/envs/canary.js demo runs the suite; node tools/run-envs.js rewrites the record this page is built from; node instruments/envs/battery.js fires the red controls, including the two graders — accept-everything and reject-everything — that must both score zero.
tolerance grader, false-accept
89.5%
4,000 provably-wrong submissions, probed at 1e-3, 1e-4, 1e-6, 1e-8, 1e-9, 1e-10, 1e-12, 1e-14, 1e-15. Tightening the tolerance shrinks the band; it never closes it while the band is wider than the enclosure.
certificate grader, false-accept
0.0%
And 0.0% false-reject. The same suite that breaks tolerance checking is passed cleanly by a checker that compares against the certificate.
facts in the corpus
104
103 of them read out of a record in certs/ and sha-pinned to it. The corpus grows with every certificate this machine produces — that is the compounding part.
forgeries planted, leaked
26 / 0
Planted in the two model-facing environments before any model is called. One leak aborts the run.
§1 · the picture

What a tolerance grader accepts

the stored key − tol + tol ACCEPTED · PROVABLY WRONG ACCEPTED · PROVABLY WRONG the certificate — floored to 1 px so it is visible; its true width is 1/562,950 of this window
Drawn to scale in units of the tolerance. The certified enclosure is the narrow bar at the centre — at a routine tolerance of 1e-9 against a typical certificate here (width 4e-15) it is 1/562,950 of the accepted window, floored to one pixel so it is visible at all. Everything shaded is accepted by the grader and refuted by the certificate.

The accepted-but-wrong region has width 2·tol − w and is empty only when tol ≤ w/2 — at which point the grader accepts a sub-interval of the certificate and has become a certificate grader with gratuitous rejections. The ratio of band to certificate, ρ = 2·tol/w − 1, is 562,949 here: the grader will accept a band 562,949 times wider than the proof.

§2 · the curve

Tightening the tolerance does not close the hole

0 25 50 75 100 tolerance false-accept rate (%) certificate-grounded: 0% at every tolerance absolute-tolerance relative-tolerance exact-match certificate-grounded (flat at 0)
False-accept rate against tolerance, over 4,000 provably-wrong submissions. The band closes fact by fact, as the tolerance drops below half that fact's certificate width — so the aggregate falls and reaches zero only when the tolerance is under half the width of every certificate in the corpus.

This is the figure that answers the standard remedy. A published bug taxonomy for reward verifiers lists exactly this failure — a loose numeric tolerance accepting a nearby wrong value — and prescribes tightening the tolerance. Four orders of magnitude of tightening take the absolute-tolerance grader from 99.4% to 44.4%, and the only tolerance that reaches zero is one that has stopped being a tolerance.

§3 · the measurement

Four graders, one suite

graderfalse-acceptfalse-rejectsoundnessfalse-accept by tolerance
absolute-tolerance (|v - key| < tol)89.5%0.5%10.4%1e-3: 99.4% · 1e-4: 99.4% · 1e-6: 99.4% · 1e-8: 95.3% · 1e-9: 93.6% · 1e-10: 92.1% · 1e-12: 88.9% · 1e-14: 77.5% · 1e-15: 44.4%
relative-tolerance (|v - key|/|key| < tol)90.3%0.5%9.6%1e-3: 97.6% · 1e-4: 97.6% · 1e-6: 97.6% · 1e-8: 95.1% · 1e-9: 92.3% · 1e-10: 90.6% · 1e-12: 86.3% · 1e-14: 78.0% · 1e-15: 69.8%
exact-match (v === key)0.0%24.4%75.6%1e-3: 0.0% · 1e-4: 0.0% · 1e-6: 0.0% · 1e-8: 0.0% · 1e-9: 0.0% · 1e-10: 0.0% · 1e-12: 0.0% · 1e-14: 0.0% · 1e-15: 0.0%
enclosure (v in certified [lo,hi]) <- the sound grader0.0%0.0%100.0%1e-3: 0.0% · 1e-4: 0.0% · 1e-6: 0.0% · 1e-8: 0.0% · 1e-9: 0.0% · 1e-10: 0.0% · 1e-12: 0.0% · 1e-14: 0.0% · 1e-15: 0.0%

Soundness is (1 − false-accept) × (1 − false-reject), because either rate alone is gameable: a grader that rejects everything has a perfect false-accept rate and is useless, which is why every run carries controls drawn from INSIDE the enclosures. The exact-match row is the honest opposite failure — it accepts nothing wrong and rejects 24.4% of the submissions that are right, including the midpoint printed at full double precision.

§4 · the corpus

Every canary traces to a certificate

A canary asserts that a value is PROVABLY WRONG. That assertion is the product, so it may not rest on a decimal somebody re-typed: every fact below is read out of a record in certs/ at load time, and the record is sha256-pinned beside it. If a record changes, the battery refuses rather than minting canaries from a stale number. Minting from a fact that is not marked certified throws — it does not degrade.

factquantitywidthread from
erdos1038.upperL(mu*) for the conjectured minimiser of Erdos #1038 (an upper bound for the infimum)3.42e-13erdos1038-inf.json 782671075726
erdos1038.xLleft endpoint x_L of {U_mu* > 0}1.37e-13erdos1038-inf.json 782671075726
erdos1038.xRright endpoint x_R of {U_mu* > 0}2.05e-13erdos1038-inf.json 782671075726
erdos1038.infthe Erdos-Herzog-Piranian infimum itself — bracketed unconditionally, not pinned6.43e-3erdos1038-inf.json 782671075726
erdos852.cstarC* = (1/2)(prod_{p>=3}(1 + 1/(p-1)^3) - 1), the Erdos #852 constant3.47e-16erdos852-certificate.json 4379194d0bd4
erdos852.c0c0, the unique positive root of I0(c) = 1 (Erdos #852) — bracketed to 40 decimals4.44e-16erdos852-certificate.json 4379194d0bd4
chowla.lambda4lambda(4) = -L(1,2,3,4), the third exact value of Chowla's cosine dip6.66e-16lambda4-campaign.json a3cae1ee336d
chowla.lambda5lambda(5) = -L(1,2,4,5,6), the fourth exact value — algebraic of degree exactly 56.66e-16lambda56-campaign.json 8c12b5fcf291
terra.sigmaStarsigma* = 1/(8 pi^2), the viscosity at which the second harmonic stops being attenuated1.56e-17closed form, enclosed at build
chowla-cosine [1,2,4,6,7,8]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.6498628271515711 for the 6-element set [1,2,4,6,7,8]5.55e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,2,3,5,6,7,8]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7156588796059644 for the 7-element set [1,2,3,5,6,7,8]5.55e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,2,3,5,7,8,9,10]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7159675818506821 for the 8-element set [1,2,3,5,7,8,9,10]5.55e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,2,4,6,8,9,10]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7251273020447072 for the 7-element set [1,2,4,6,8,9,10]5.55e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7259873111972207 for the 9-element set [1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11]5.55e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,3,4,5,6,9,10]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.742177616900114 for the 7-element set [1,3,4,5,6,9,10]5.55e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,4,5,6,9,10]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7422227192150118 for the 6-element set [1,4,5,6,9,10]5.55e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,2,4,5,6,9,10,11]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7508101717481561 for the 8-element set [1,2,4,5,6,9,10,11]6.66e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,12]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7594443738919295 for the 10-element set [1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,12]5.55e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,2,3,5,8,10,11,12,13]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7599428051340827 for the 9-element set [1,2,3,5,8,10,11,12,13]6.66e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,2,3,4,8,10,11,12,13,14]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7636174164521902 for the 10-element set [1,2,3,4,8,10,11,12,13,14]5.55e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
chowla-cosine [1,3,4,7,8,10,11]certified Chowla merit c <= 0.7636986073348424 for the 7-element set [1,3,4,7,8,10,11]8.88e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
erdos852-constants erdos852-c0-enclosureTHEOREM: c0 = 1.3232282768639494690289693932974634613586535126004759968489856... — the unique positive root of I0(c) = 1, enclosed to width 7.78e-62 (200 certified bisections at 320-bit directed rounding). The first certified enclosure of this constant; the thread holds only an unverified decimal.2.22e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
erdos852-constants erdos852-c0-digitsAUDIT: the published c0 = 1.32322827686395... is VERIFIED AS A ROUNDING to 14 places — but its trailing ellipsis is wrong: the certified expansion continues 1.3232282768639494..., i.e. ...9469, not ...95. A half-ulp presentation slip on an otherwise correct constant, invisible to any float check.2.22e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
erdos852-constants erdos852-cstar-enclosureTHEOREM: C* = 0.075240386178309... — enclosed to width 3.20e-16 (1857858 odd primes to 30000000, tail proved). The first certified enclosure of this constant.3.33e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.4|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.4, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 64 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 7 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.428571, 86045 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.34|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.34, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 48 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 5 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.475815, 69027 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.36|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.36, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 48 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 5 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.459635, 70935 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.38|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.38, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 48 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 5 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.443893, 81223 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.14|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.14, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 32 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 3 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.666667, 36713 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.16|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.16, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 32 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 3 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.644806, 39385 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.18|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.18, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 32 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 3 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.623643, 38547 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.2|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.2, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 32 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 3 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.603145, 40027 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.22|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.22, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 32 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 3 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.583279, 42507 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.24|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.24, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 32 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 3 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.564016, 43951 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.26|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.26, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 32 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 3 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.545327, 49623 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-census 1.28|0.3|8the Hénon map with a=1.28, b=0.3 has EXACTLY 32 points of period 8 (2 fixed, 1 of period 2, 1 of period 4, 3 of period 8) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.527187, 50859 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.6|0.3|1|0.833333333the Hénon map with a=0.6, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.62|0.3|1|0.825297414the Hénon map with a=0.62, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.64|0.3|1|0.817519468the Hénon map with a=0.64, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.66|0.3|1|0.809985304the Hénon map with a=0.66, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.68|0.3|1|0.802681828the Hénon map with a=0.68, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.7|0.3|1|0.795596939the Hénon map with a=0.7, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.72|0.3|1|0.788719427the Hénon map with a=0.72, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.74|0.3|1|0.782038893the Hénon map with a=0.74, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.76|0.3|1|0.775545673the Hénon map with a=0.76, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.02e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.78|0.3|1|0.769230769the Hénon map with a=0.78, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.8|0.3|1|0.763085795the Hénon map with a=0.8, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.02e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
henon-orbits 0.82|0.3|1|0.757102917the Hénon map with a=0.82, b=0.3 has a period-1 orbit in an explicit box of radius 4.441e-16, and exactly one there (Krawczyk, strict interior containment)2.01e-13ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.7|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.7, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 49 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 10 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.974842, 491611 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.775|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.775, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 49 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 10 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.993740, 516113 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.85|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.85, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 49 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 10 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 2.012461, 622239 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.55|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.55, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 33 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 6 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.936492, 380375 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.625|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.625, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 33 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 6 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.955761, 430925 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 1.95|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=1.95, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 17 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 2 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.774824, 117107 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.025|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.025, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 17 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 2 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.795829, 117511 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.1|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.1, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 17 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 2 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.816590, 148785 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.175|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.175, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 17 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 2 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.837117, 163717 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.25|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.25, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 17 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 2 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.857418, 181317 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.325|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.325, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 17 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 2 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.877498, 216523 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
holmes-census 2.4|0.2|4the Holmes cubic map with d=2.4, b=0.2 has EXACTLY 17 points of period 4 (3 fixed, 3 of period 2, 2 of period 4) — every one in a certified uniqueness box, the rest of the plane excluded (bound |x| < 1.897367, 261565 boxes)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit Meng–Yang arXiv:2607.22198|5the HESSIAN conjecture is FALSE in 5 variables: an explicit degree-14 integer polynomial whose Hessian determinant is 128 as a polynomial identity while its gradient identifies 2 distinct rational points, all decided in exact arithmetic (Meng–Yang arXiv:2607.22198, audited here)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit Gallagher zenodo.21479195 d=2|3the Jacobian conjecture is FALSE in dimension 3: Gallagher zenodo.21479195 d=2 reconstructed from its seed — det J = 1 proved as a polynomial identity, generic fiber degree 3, 2 distinct rational points sharing one image, every claim decided in exact arithmetic0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit Gallagher zenodo.21479195 d=3|3the Jacobian conjecture is FALSE in dimension 3: Gallagher zenodo.21479195 d=3 reconstructed from its seed — det J = 1 proved as a polynomial identity, generic fiber degree 4, 2 distinct rational points sharing one image, every claim decided in exact arithmetic0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit Gallagher zenodo.21479195 d=4|3the Jacobian conjecture is FALSE in dimension 3: Gallagher zenodo.21479195 d=4 reconstructed from its seed — det J = 1 proved as a polynomial identity, generic fiber degree 5, 2 distinct rational points sharing one image, every claim decided in exact arithmetic0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit Gallagher zenodo.21479195 d=5|3the Jacobian conjecture is FALSE in dimension 3: Gallagher zenodo.21479195 d=5 reconstructed from its seed — det J = 1 proved as a polynomial identity, generic fiber degree 6, 2 distinct rational points sharing one image, every claim decided in exact arithmetic0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit Gallagher zenodo.21479195 distinct member (w-2w^3)|3the Jacobian conjecture is FALSE in dimension 3: Gallagher zenodo.21479195 distinct member (w-2w^3) reconstructed from its seed — det J = -1 proved as a polynomial identity, generic fiber degree 4, 2 distinct rational points sharing one image, every claim decided in exact arithmetic0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit Alpöge 2026-07-19|3the Jacobian conjecture is FALSE in dimension 3: an explicit polynomial map with det J = -2 proved as a polynomial identity, and 3 distinct rational points sharing one image, all decided in exact arithmetic (Alpöge 2026-07-19, audited here)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit Alpöge 2026-07-19|8the STABILIZATION, stated once: adjoining identity coordinates carries the n=3 counterexample to every dimension n >= 3 with det J and the witnesses unchanged — audited here at n=8 as the one padded representative (det J = -2 through the 8x8 symbolic determinant, 3 collisions re-evaluated); identity padding, not new mathematics0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit tangent-sweep d=3 (new curve through the published mechanism)|3a NEW instance through the PUBLISHED tangent-sweep mechanism: our own degree-3 curve (coefficients [6, -6, 1]) gives geometric degree 4, det J = -2 proved as a polynomial identity, 2 distinct rational points sharing one image — a new curve, not a new mechanism, and not coordinate-equivalence-checked against Gallagher's members; generated AND decided in exact arithmetic0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit tangent-sweep d=4 (new curve through the published mechanism)|3a NEW instance through the PUBLISHED tangent-sweep mechanism: our own degree-4 curve (coefficients [52/5, -51/5, 0, 1]) gives geometric degree 5, det J = -2 proved as a polynomial identity, 2 distinct rational points sharing one image — a new curve, not a new mechanism, and not coordinate-equivalence-checked against Gallagher's members; generated AND decided in exact arithmetic0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-audit tangent-sweep d=5 (new curve through the published mechanism)|3a NEW instance through the PUBLISHED tangent-sweep mechanism: our own degree-5 curve (coefficients [20, -19, 0, 0, 1]) gives geometric degree 6, det J = -2 proved as a polynomial identity, 2 distinct rational points sharing one image — a new curve, not a new mechanism, and not coordinate-equivalence-checked against Gallagher's members; generated AND decided in exact arithmetic0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-fibers fiber|alpogealpoge: AT LEAST 3 preimages of one rational point, each in a certified Krawczyk box, boxes pairwise disjoint — non-injectivity re-proved BLIND, no witnesses consumed0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-fibers fiber|alpoge-own-targetalpoge-own-target: AT LEAST 3 preimages of one rational point, each in a certified Krawczyk box, boxes pairwise disjoint — non-injectivity re-proved BLIND, no witnesses consumed — and the TARGET is self-chosen too, not a published image0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-fibers fiber|sweep-d3sweep-d3: AT LEAST 3 preimages of one rational point, each in a certified Krawczyk box, boxes pairwise disjoint — non-injectivity re-proved BLIND, no witnesses consumed (MORE than the 2 constructed witnesses)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-fibers fiber|gallagher-d2gallagher-d2: AT LEAST 3 preimages of one rational point, each in a certified Krawczyk box, boxes pairwise disjoint — non-injectivity re-proved BLIND, no witnesses consumed (MORE than the 2 constructed witnesses)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-fibers fiber|gallagher-d3gallagher-d3: AT LEAST 3 preimages of one rational point, each in a certified Krawczyk box, boxes pairwise disjoint — non-injectivity re-proved BLIND, no witnesses consumed (MORE than the 2 constructed witnesses)0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-fibers fiber|sweep-d4sweep-d4: AT LEAST 2 preimages of one rational point, each in a certified Krawczyk box, boxes pairwise disjoint — non-injectivity re-proved BLIND, no witnesses consumed0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
keller-fibers fiber|gallagher-distinctgallagher-distinct: AT LEAST 2 preimages of one rational point, each in a certified Krawczyk box, boxes pairwise disjoint — non-injectivity re-proved BLIND, no witnesses consumed0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
newman-minmod [0,1,2,3,4,7,8,10,12]min|f| >= 1.3623731781333241 for the 9-term set [0,2,4,5,8,9,10,11,12], exceeding 1.31110130287232574.44e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
newman-minmod [0,1,2,4,5,9,11,17]min|f| >= 1.2549331390311127 for the 8-term set [0,6,8,12,13,15,16,17], exceeding 1.10188293848618576.66e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
newman-minmod [0,1,2,6,11,14]min|f| >= 1.0130074540165868 for the 6-term set [0,3,8,12,13,14], exceeding 16.66e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
newman-minmod [0,1,4,5,10,12]min|f| >= 1.0092308306986966 for the 6-term set [0,2,7,8,11,12], exceeding 14.44e-16ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-cat-22rm-cat-22 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 12/(-90G + 83) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 7.11e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (minus-CF backward interval evaluation from a PROVED tail band (U(n) = b(n): terminal containment and (I+) are identities); constant bracket width 1.2e-18; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must7.11e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-z2-new8rm-z2-new8 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — (3pi^2 + 16)/(-pi^2 + 16) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 1.07e-14 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (head-shifted minus-CF: shifted spec satisfies a(n) > 0, tail band proved, claimed form transformed exactly; constant bracket width 5.1e-57; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must1.07e-14ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-cat-21rm-cat-21 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 8/(54G -49) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 7.11e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (minus-CF backward interval evaluation from a PROVED tail band (U(n) = b(n): terminal containment and (I+) are identities); constant bracket width 1.2e-18; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must7.11e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-cat-18rm-cat-18 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 48/(90G -79) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 3.55e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (minus-CF backward interval evaluation from a PROVED tail band (U(n) = b(n): terminal containment and (I+) are identities); constant bracket width 1.2e-18; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must3.55e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-z2-new7rm-z2-new7 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 32/(-3pi^2 + 32) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 3.55e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (minus-CF backward interval evaluation from a PROVED tail band (U(n) = b(n): terminal containment and (I+) are identities); constant bracket width 5.1e-57; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must3.55e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-zo-z5z3crm-zo-z5z3c — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 64/(64 zeta(5) + 176 zeta(3) - 273) lies inside a rigorous minus-CF enclosure of width 3.55e-15 (form bracket width 4.48e-14) — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit: sharp tail band at the true (c-1)^2 branch proved by shift-and-check, convergence proved inside the certificate, zeta values bracketed exactly; final comparison in exact rationals; equality remains open, as it must3.55e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-cat-19rm-cat-19 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 32/(-18G + 19) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 5.33e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (minus-CF backward interval evaluation from a PROVED tail band (U(n) = b(n): terminal containment and (I+) are identities); constant bracket width 1.2e-18; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must5.33e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-z2-new4rm-z2-new4 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 32/(pi^2) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 7.11e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (head-shifted minus-CF: shifted spec satisfies a(n) > 0, tail band proved, claimed form transformed exactly; constant bracket width 5.1e-57; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must7.11e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-cat-17rm-cat-17 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 6/(-18G + 17) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 5.33e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (minus-CF backward interval evaluation from a PROVED tail band (U(n) = b(n): terminal containment and (I+) are identities); constant bracket width 1.2e-18; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must5.33e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-cat-20rm-cat-20 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 128/(-6G + 17) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 7.11e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (minus-CF backward interval evaluation from a PROVED tail band (U(n) = b(n): terminal containment and (I+) are identities); constant bracket width 1.2e-18; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must7.11e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-z2-new9rm-z2-new9 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 18/(pi^2 -8) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 3.55e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (minus-CF backward interval evaluation from a PROVED tail band (U(n) = b(n): terminal containment and (I+) are identities); constant bracket width 5.1e-57; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must3.55e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
ramanujan-audit rm-z2-new5rm-z2-new5 — a row the Machine marks NEW AND UNPROVEN — 16/(pi^2 -8) lies inside a rigorous enclosure of width 7.11e-15 — the conjecture SURVIVES an UNCONDITIONAL audit (minus-CF backward interval evaluation from a PROVED tail band (U(n) = b(n): terminal containment and (I+) are identities); constant bracket width 5.1e-57; final comparison in exact rationals); equality remains open, as it must7.11e-15ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|alphatensor-f2-5x5x5alphatensor-f2-5x5x5: 5x5 times 5x5 in 96 multiplications VERIFIED over F2 — all 15625 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout CA); rank 96 < 125 naive; REFUTED over Q — the algorithm genuinely requires characteristic 20.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|alphatensor-q-4x5x5alphatensor-q-4x5x5: 4x5 times 5x5 in 76 multiplications VERIFIED over Q — all 10000 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout CA); rank 76 < 100 naive0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|strassen-squared-4x4x4strassen-squared-4x4x4: 4x4 times 4x4 in 49 multiplications VERIFIED over Q — all 4096 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout AC); rank 49 < 64 naive — generated AND decided here0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|alphatensor-q-4x4x4alphatensor-q-4x4x4: 4x4 times 4x4 in 49 multiplications VERIFIED over Q — all 4096 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout CA); rank 49 < 64 naive0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|alphaevolve-48-4x4x4alphaevolve-48-4x4x4: 4x4 times 4x4 in 48 multiplications VERIFIED over Z[i] (doubled half-Gaussian factors; identity = 8*T, denominators cleared) — all 4096 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout CA); rank 48 < 64 naive0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|alphatensor-q-3x4x5alphatensor-q-3x4x5: 3x4 times 4x5 in 47 multiplications VERIFIED over Q — all 3600 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout CA); rank 47 < 60 naive0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|alphatensor-f2-4x4x4alphatensor-f2-4x4x4: 4x4 times 4x4 in 47 multiplications VERIFIED over F2 — all 4096 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout CA); rank 47 < 64 naive; REFUTED over Q — the algorithm genuinely requires characteristic 20.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|alphatensor-q-3x3x3alphatensor-q-3x3x3: 3x3 times 3x3 in 23 multiplications VERIFIED over Q — all 729 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout CA); rank 23 < 27 naive0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|strassen-1969strassen-1969: 2x2 times 2x2 in 7 multiplications VERIFIED over Q — all 64 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout AC); rank 7 < 8 naive0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486
strassen-audit mm|alphatensor-q-2x2x2alphatensor-q-2x2x2: 2x2 times 2x2 in 7 multiplications VERIFIED over Q — all 64 tensor-identity equations hold exactly (layout CA); rank 7 < 8 naive0.00e+0ledger.json 2a34c34f1486

One of these is not like the others. erdos852.cstar carries the value a real problem thread actually published for the quantity: 0.0752403861777, which sits outside our certificate by 6.09e-13 and inside any ordinary tolerance of it. Every other canary in the suite is constructed. That one is a reproduction — the refutation is here.

§5 · the uniformity gym

A verdict without evidence scores zero

Decide whether f > 0 on the whole domain — and support it. HOLDS must ship a dyadic tiling whose every cell carries a verified positive lower bound; FAILS must ship a witness. A bare verdict scores zero however correct it is, because a verdict without evidence is indistinguishable from a lucky guess. Of 12 instances, 10 carry a needle — a notch narrow enough that any coarser grid steps over it — 5 are two-dimensional and 2 are razor-thin. Scoring: +1 correct WITH evidence · 0 correct but unsupported · +0.25 honest UNDECIDED · -1 wrong.

solverscorecorrectwrongunsupportedabstainedneedles
sampling K=1e31.00101109 needles missed
sampling K=1e53.0030907 needles missed
sampling + bluffed tiling-6.0039009 needles missed
interval bisection (sound)11.2511001none missed
interval, 2e3-cell budget9.008004none missed

The bluff row is the design. It samples, decides HOLDS, and then dresses its sampling grid as a tiling — a VALID tiling, so it passes the combinatorial check. The one cell holding the needle then refuses to verify, and it scores -6.00: worse than abstaining. Faking the format was never the hard part. The budget-limited sound solver is what makes the abstention reward real rather than decorative — it abstains where it cannot finish and is never wrong.

§6 · the attacker

An environment that rewards breaking things

Invert the polarity. The model is not asked to construct a correct object; it is shown a grader and asked to BREAK it — to produce a value the grader accepts and that is provably wrong. Ground truth is free, because a certified enclosure decides both halves without a human. Every environment in existence trains provers; this one trains verifiers.

rungwhatgraderverdict"no attack" scoresa minted attack scores
c0wide bandabsolute-tolerance @ 1e-6breakable-11
c1narrow bandrelative-tolerance @ 1e-9breakable-11
c2tolerance under the enclosureabsolute-tolerance @ 1e-3cannot be broken1-1
c3sound graderenclosurecannot be broken1-1

Two of the four rungs cannot be broken, for two different reasons: on one the tolerance is NARROWER than the enclosure, so the band of accepted-but-wrong values is empty as arithmetic; on the other the grader compares against the certificate itself, so no such value exists at all. The correct answer there is NO_ATTACK, and claiming a break that does not verify scores worse than saying there is none. A model that has learned "attack whatever you are shown" fails half the ladder — which is the behaviour worth measuring, because an auditor that always finds something is exactly as useless as one that never does.

§7 · the rules

What this is not