cert-machine · certified audit

The Ramanujan Machine, audited

Every row of every published result sheet — seven sheets, 51 printed rows — decided by rigorous enclosures and exact rational comparisons. 50 survive an unconditional audit. One printed row is refuted exactly, and its correction — certified on the same enclosure — stands beside it as a row of its own, counted separately. This page is the status registry: every verdict on it was re-certified during the build that produced it.

tl;dr
  • The finding. All 51 printed rows of the Ramanujan Machine's seven result sheets decided: 50 survive an unconditional audit; one is false as printed — a sign slip, one of three typographic errors on the 2022 sheet — and its correction is certified on the same enclosure.
  • The mechanism. Each continued fraction is enclosed by a proved tail band with convergence inside the certificate; constants are bracketed from their defining series; the final comparison is exact rational arithmetic against hash-pinned sheet bytes. The Machine matches truncated decimals; this decides.
  • Check it. node instruments/cf/battery.js from a clone — the whole corpus re-certifies, ten red controls must fire, and this page refuses to build on any deviation.
printed rows decided
51
all seven published sheets, complete — plus our certified correction, counted separately
survive
50
consistency certified to stated width; equality open, as it must be
refuted
1
the mixed-zeta sheet's row 3 as printed — a transcription slip, its correction certified
new and unproven
39 decided
38 survive as printed · 1 refuted, its correction certified
widest enclosure
1.2e-12
largest width across the 50 surviving printed rows
sources
7 PDFs
hash-pinned; re-hashed at every certify — a drifted source refuses everything
the refutation

A printed row that is false — and what it actually is

The July 2022 sheet ("Results using mixed orders of ζ") prints, as its third row, the identity 2/(2ζ(5) − 2ζ(3) − 1) = CF, where the continued fraction is defined by the row's own polynomials a_n = n⁵+(n+1)⁵+6(n³+(n+1)³)−4(2n+1), b_n = −n¹⁰. The printed left-hand side is -1.5035… — negative. The continued fraction converges to 2.9862258661092707…, certified here by a proved tail band to width 8.9e-16. The two are provably disjoint: the printed identity is false.

The precise finding: the 2022 mixed-zeta sheet contains at least three typographic errors, one of which makes a printed identity false — the sign of the constant term (−1 for +1), a displayed convergent with a₁ = 275 where the row's own polynomial gives 75, and n⁸ numerators reused on rows whose b_n is −n¹⁰ or −n¹⁴. The underlying computation appears correct: the same certified enclosure contains 2/(2ζ(5) − 2ζ(3) + 1), so the sign-corrected identity survives on the very enclosure that refutes the printed one. The polynomial column is the mathematical object, and it is what this audit decides; to the Machine's group this is a more useful finding than "a row is wrong" — the search worked, the sheet slipped.

first on record — dated, and open to correction

As of 2026-08-27 we can find no prior refutation of a printed Ramanujan Machine row — not on the Machine's results pages, in its public repositories, or on arXiv; a per-session sweep re-checks those surfaces, and if an earlier erratum surfaces this note will record it and withdraw the priority sentence (the mathematics is unchanged either way). The Machine's sheets mark rows "new and unproven" — conjectures by construction — which is exactly what makes them the right audit corpus: a refutation is a discovery, not a gotcha. The other 50 printed rows SURVIVE; this registry says both things with the same arithmetic.

how to read it

What SURVIVES means — and what it does not

SURVIVES: the claimed closed form lies inside a rigorous enclosure of the continued fraction, with the final comparison made in exact rational arithmetic — consistency certified to the stated width, typically 1e-14 to 1e-15. It is NOT a proof of equality; no finite enclosure proves an identity, and no row here is marked proved unless the literature proved it. REFUTED: the claimed value lies provably OUTSIDE the enclosure — that verdict is a theorem. A row the instrument cannot decide is REFUSED and never counted either way; this build refuses to ship if any row refuses.

Method, by sheet: positive continued fractions are evaluated backward in interval arithmetic from a tail seeded by proof (never by assumption). The minus-CF sheets (zeta(3), Catalan, pi², ln 2, mixed orders) ride a per-row TAIL BAND [L(n), U(n)] proved by shift-and-check coefficient positivity, with convergence proved inside the certificate — no external convergence theorem is consumed. Constants come from their defining series with proved tails (zeta(3), zeta(5), zeta(7), Catalan's G with an exact convexity bound) or from certified Machin enclosures (pi², with Euler's identities named where consumed). Every sheet PDF is hash-pinned and re-hashed at certify time: the certificate is over a byte sequence, not a memory of it.

the registry

All 51 printed rows, plus the correction

rowsheetthe Machine says (sheet-time)defining CFclaimed formverdictwidth
rm-e-ae (2018)knownb0=0 · a(n)=2n · b(1)=1, b(n)=4(n-1)e/2 - 1SURVIVES3.9e-16
rm-e-be (2018)knownb0=0 · a(n)=n+1 · b(1)=1, b(n)=n+1e/2 - 1SURVIVES3.9e-16
rm-e-ce (2018)knownb0=1 · a(n)=n+1 · b(n)=n+1e - 1SURVIVES8.9e-16
rm-pi-api (2018)knownb0=0 · a(n)=2n-1 · b(1)=1, b(n)=(n-1)^2pi/4SURVIVES7.8e-16
rm-pi-bpi (2018)knownb0=0 · a(n)=2n+1 · b(1)=1, b(n)=n^2-1pi/4 - 1/2SURVIVES3.9e-16
rm-z3-poszeta(3) (2020)knownb0=2 · a(n)=2+n(2+n)(4+3n) · b(n)=4n^6-2n^55/(2 zeta(3))SURVIVES8.9e-16
rm-z3-invzeta(3) (2020)knownb0=1 · a(n)=2n^3+3n^2+3n+1 · b(n)=-n^61/zeta(3)SURVIVES2.0e-14
rm-z3-aperyzeta(3) (2020)known (Apery)b0=5 · a(n)=34n^3+51n^2+27n+5 · b(n)=-n^66/zeta(3)SURVIVES1.8e-15
rm-z3-new1zeta(3) (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=1 · a(n)=6n^3+9n^2+5n+1 · b(n)=-n^68/(7 zeta(3))SURVIVES2.2e-16
rm-z3-new2zeta(3) (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=2 · a(n)=10n^3+15n^2+9n+2 · b(n)=-16n^612/(7 zeta(3))SURVIVES8.9e-16
rm-cat-knownCatalan G (2020)knownb0=2 · a(n)=10n^2+7n+2 · b(n)=-(16n^4-24n^3+12n^2-2n)6/((8G - pi*acosh(2)))SURVIVES2.2e-15
rm-cat-01Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=1 · a(n)=3n^2+3n+1 · b(n)=-2n^41/(2G)SURVIVES8.9e-16
rm-cat-02Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=1 · a(n)=3n^2+3n+1 · b(n)=-(2n^4+2n^3)2/(2G -1)SURVIVES8.3e-14
rm-cat-03Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=1 · a(n)=3n^2+3n+1 · b(n)=-(2n^4+4n^3)24/(18G -11)SURVIVES4.5e-13
rm-cat-04Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=1 · a(n)=3n^2+3n+1 · b(n)=-(2n^4+6n^3)720/(450G -299)SURVIVES1.2e-12
rm-cat-05Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=3 · a(n)=3n^2+7n+3 · b(n)=-(2n^4+4n^3)2/(2G -1)SURVIVES1.3e-15
rm-cat-06Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=3 · a(n)=3n^2+7n+3 · b(n)=-(2n^4+6n^3+4n^2)4/(2G + 1)SURVIVES3.3e-15
rm-cat-07Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=3 · a(n)=3n^2+7n+3 · b(n)=-(2n^4+8n^3+8n^2)16/(6G -1)SURVIVES9.3e-14
rm-cat-08Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=3 · a(n)=3n^2+7n+3 · b(n)=-(2n^4+10n^3+12n^2)288/(90G -31)SURVIVES3.3e-13
rm-cat-09Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=7 · a(n)=3n^2+9n+7 · b(n)=-(2n^4+6n^3+6n^2+2n)1/(-2G + 2)SURVIVES3.6e-15
rm-cat-10Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=5 · a(n)=3n^2+11n+5 · b(n)=-(2n^4+8n^3)24/(18G -11)SURVIVES1.8e-15
rm-cat-11Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=5 · a(n)=3n^2+11n+5 · b(n)=-(2n^4+10n^3+8n^2)16/(6G -1)SURVIVES2.2e-15
rm-cat-12Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=5 · a(n)=3n^2+11n+5 · b(n)=-(2n^4+12n^3+16n^2)64/(18G + 13)SURVIVES7.5e-15
rm-cat-13Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=9 · a(n)=3n^2+11n+9 · b(n)=-(2n^4+8n^3+8n^2)4/(6G -5)SURVIVES5.3e-15
rm-cat-14Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=9 · a(n)=3n^2+11n+9 · b(n)=-(2n^4+10n^3+16n^2+8n)8/(-2G + 3)SURVIVES3.6e-15
rm-cat-15Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=9 · a(n)=3n^2+11n+9 · b(n)=-(2n^4+12n^3+24n^2+16n)32/(2G + 5)SURVIVES1.2e-14
rm-cat-16Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=9 · a(n)=3n^2+11n+9 · b(n)=-(2n^4+14n^3+32n^2+24n)192/(18G + 13)SURVIVES9.1e-14
rm-cat-17Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=13 · a(n)=3n^2+13n+13 · b(n)=-(2n^4+10n^3+14n^2+6n)6/(-18G + 17)SURVIVES5.3e-15
rm-cat-18Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=15 · a(n)=3n^2+15n+15 · b(n)=-(2n^4+12n^3+16n^2)48/(90G -79)SURVIVES3.6e-15
rm-cat-19Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=15 · a(n)=3n^2+15n+15 · b(n)=-(2n^4+14n^3+28n^2+16n)32/(-18G + 19)SURVIVES5.3e-15
rm-cat-20Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=15 · a(n)=3n^2+15n+15 · b(n)=-(2n^4+16n^3+40n^2+32n)128/(-6G + 17)SURVIVES7.1e-15
rm-cat-21Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=19 · a(n)=3n^2+15n+19 · b(n)=-(2n^4+12n^3+24n^2+16n)8/(54G -49)SURVIVES7.1e-15
rm-cat-22Catalan G (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=23 · a(n)=3n^2+17n+23 · b(n)=-(2n^4+14n^3+30n^2+18n)12/(-90G + 83)SURVIVES7.1e-15
rm-z2-knownpi^2 (2021)knownb0=3 · a(n)=11n^2+11n+3 · b(n)=n^430/(pi^2)SURVIVES8.9e-16
rm-z2-proven1pi^2 (2021)new and PROVEN (Kadyrov-Orynbassar arXiv:2103.03554)b0=1 · a(n)=3n^2+3n+1 · b(n)=-(2n^4-n^3)8/(pi^2)SURVIVES1.9e-15
rm-z2-new1pi^2 (2021)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=1 · a(n)=3n^2+3n+1 · b(n)=-(2n^4-3n^3)16/(pi^2 + 4)SURVIVES4.4e-15
rm-z2-new2pi^2 (2021)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=2 · a(n)=7n^2+7n+2 · b(n)=8n^424/(pi^2)SURVIVES1.3e-15
rm-z2-proven2pi^2 (2021)new and PROVEN (Kadyrov-Orynbassar arXiv:2103.03554)b0=2 · a(n)=5n^2+6n+2 · b(n)=-(4n^4-2n^3)18/(pi^2)SURVIVES1.6e-15
rm-z2-new3pi^2 (2021)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=3 · a(n)=3n^2+7n+3 · b(n)=-(2n^4+3n^3-2n^2)16/(pi^2 -4)SURVIVES2.7e-15
rm-z2-new4pi^2 (2021)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=3 · a(n)=3n^2+7n+3 · b(n)=-(2n^4+n^3-6n^2)32/(pi^2)SURVIVES7.1e-15
rm-z2-new5pi^2 (2021)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=9 · a(n)=3n^2+11n+9 · b(n)=-(2n^4+7n^3+4n^2-4n)16/(pi^2 -8)SURVIVES7.1e-15
rm-z2-new6pi^2 (2021)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=9 · a(n)=3n^2+11n+9 · b(n)=-(2n^4+9n^3+12n^2+4n)16/(-pi^2 + 12)SURVIVES2.7e-15
rm-z2-new7pi^2 (2021)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=15 · a(n)=3n^2+15n+15 · b(n)=-(2n^4+13n^3+22n^2+8n)32/(-3pi^2 + 32)SURVIVES3.6e-15
rm-z2-new8pi^2 (2021)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=7 · a(n)=3n^2+9n+7 · b(n)=-(2n^4+3n^3-3n^2-7n-3)(3pi^2 + 16)/(-pi^2 + 16)SURVIVES1.1e-14
rm-z2-new9pi^2 (2021)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=10 · a(n)=5n^2+14n+10 · b(n)=-(4n^4+6n^3)18/(pi^2 -8)SURVIVES3.6e-15
rm-ln2ln 2 (2020)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=4 · a(n)=3n^2+7n+4 · b(n)=-(2n^4+4n^3+2n^2)1/(-log(2) + 1)SURVIVES1.8e-15
rm-zo-z4z2mixed zeta orders (2022)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=3 · a(n)=2n^4+4n^3+10n^2+8n+3 · b(n)=-n^8-1/(zeta(4) + 4 zeta(2) - 8)SURVIVES8.9e-16
rm-zo-z5z3amixed zeta orders (2022)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=7 · a(n)=2n^5+5n^4+22n^3+28n^2+23n+7 · b(n)=-n^102/(2 zeta(5) + 6 zeta(3) - 9)SURVIVES1.8e-15
rm-zo-z5z3b-printedmixed zeta orders (2022)NEW AND UNPROVEN — AS PRINTEDb0=3 · a(n)=2n^5+5n^4+22n^3+28n^2+15n+3 · b(n)=-n^102/(2 zeta(5) - 2 zeta(3) - 1) [as printed]REFUTED8.9e-16
rm-zo-z5z3b-correctedmixed zeta orders (2022) · correction, ours — not a printed rowNEW AND UNPROVEN — SIGN-CORRECTEDb0=3 · a(n)=2n^5+5n^4+22n^3+28n^2+15n+3 · b(n)=-n^102/(2 zeta(5) - 2 zeta(3) + 1) [corrected: printed -1 is a sign slip]SURVIVES (correction)8.9e-16
rm-zo-z5z3cmixed zeta orders (2022)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=13 · a(n)=2n^5+5n^4+42n^3+58n^2+45n+13 · b(n)=-n^1064/(64 zeta(5) + 176 zeta(3) - 273)SURVIVES3.6e-15
rm-zo-z7z3mixed zeta orders (2022)NEW AND UNPROVENb0=5 · a(n)=2n^7+7n^6+37n^5+75n^4+99n^3+77n^2+31n+5 · b(n)=-n^141/(zeta(7) - 4 zeta(3) + 4)SURVIVES1.8e-15

The defining CF column is the object under audit — a(n) the partial denominators, b(n) the partial numerators, the labeling the sheets themselves use; the claimed form is only the right-hand side. 4 claimed values appear on more than one row (rm-e-a / rm-e-b · rm-cat-02 / rm-cat-05 · rm-cat-03 / rm-cat-10 · rm-cat-07 / rm-cat-11) — those are not duplicates but distinct polynomial continued fractions conjectured to converge to the same constant, each decided on its own enclosure. Minus-CF rows print the sheet's negative numerators; the instrument stores sign-normalized transcriptions beside the originals, with the battery float-guarding every one. "The Machine says" is sheet-time status, kept as provenance: it is what the sheet printed at publication, and rows proved in the literature since publication keep their sheet-time label here — this column records what was claimed, the verdict column records what this audit decided.

context

Why this registry exists

The Ramanujan Machine publishes conjectures found by matching truncated decimals, argued from collision probability — its papers say so plainly, and its own Ramanujan Challenge (July 2026) now asks for "reproducible CAS-based or formally verified code". This page is that verification, applied to the Machine's entire published output: every verdict is produced by an instrument with red controls that must fire, calibrated on proved rows (Apéry's 6/ζ(3); the two pi² rows proved by Kadyrov–Orynbassar) before being trusted on unproven ones, and re-run in full by the repository's test battery.

The registry updates as sheets appear. A future row that survives will be added as SURVIVES with its width; a future row that fails will be added as REFUTED with its mechanism — this build refuses to render either without the certificate.